Recipients of The Navy Cross USS Panay, 1937 23 Navy, 1 Army, 2 foreign ? British
Adams, Charles S. [U.S. Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Anders, Arthur F. [U.S. Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Bonkoski, John Anthony [U.S. Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Cheatham, Walter [U.S. Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Cowden, Edward E. [U.S. Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Dirnhofer, John A. [U.S. Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Grazier, Clark G. [U.S. Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Hebard, Robert Raymond [U.S. Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Hennessy, John N. [U.S. Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Hodge, John L. [U.S. Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Hulsebus, Edgar W. G. (KIA) [U.S. Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Kerske, Carl H. [U.S. Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Kozak, Alexander [U.S. Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Lang, John Henry [U.S. Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Mahlmann, Ernest R. [U.S. Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking McEowen, Stanley W. [U.S. Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Murphy, James T. [U.S. Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Peterson, Reginald [U.S. Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Rider, Morris [U.S. Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Truax, Homer W. [U.S. Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Weimers, Gerald L. [U.S. Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Williamson, Marcus V. [U.S. Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Wisler, Andy R. [U.S. Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Barlow, Harry Douglas [British Royal Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Crabbe, Lewis Gonne Eyre [British Royal Navy] - 1937 - Panay Sinking Roberts, Frank N. [U.S. Army] - 1937 - Panay Sinking
The Crew
List of Killed and Injured as a Result of the Attack on the USS Panay and accompanying vessels, December 12, 1937, from a list compiled by Commander James J. Hughes.
KILLED: » CHARLES L. ENSMINGER, STOREKEEER 1c, USN » EDGAR G. HULSEBUS, LIEUT. USN » MR. SANDRO SANDRI, ITALIAN JOURNALIST.
SERIOUSLY INJURED: » JAMES J. HUGHES, LIEUT. COMDR., USN » ARTHUR F. ANDERS, LIEUT. USN » JOHN W. GEIST, LIEUT (jg) USN » CARL H. BIRK, E.M. 1c, USN » NEWTON L. DAVIS, F. 1c, USN » ALEX KOZAK, MM 2c, USN » JOHN H. LAND, CQM, USN » KENNETH JAMES RICE, EM 3c, USN » CHARLES SCOTT SCHROYER, SEA.1c, USN » PERES DIX ZIEGLER, S.C. 3c, USN MINOR INJURIES: » CHARLES S. ADAMS, RM 2c, USN » TONY BARBA, JR., SC 3c, USN » JOHN A. BONKOSKI, GM 3c, USN » ERNEST C. BRANCH, F. 1c, USN » RAYMOND L. BROWNING, EM 3c, USN » WALTER CHEATHAM, COX., USN » THOMAS A. COLEMAN, CPhM, USN » JOHN A. DIRNHOFER, Sea. 1c, USN » YUAN T. ERH, MAtt. 1c, USN » FRED G. FICHTENMAYER, CM 1c, USN » EMERY F. FISHER, CWT, USN » MICHAEL GERENT, MM 2c, USN » CECIL B. GREEN, Sea. 1c, USN » JOHN L. HODGE, F. 1c, USN » FON B. HUFFMAN, WT 2c, USN » KARL HAROLD JOHNSON, MM 2c, USN » CARL HERMAN KERSKE » PETER H. LUMPERS, CMM, USN » WILLIAM P. LANDER, Sea. 1c, USN » ERNEST R. HALHMANN, CBM, USN » WILLIAM A. MC CABE, F. 1c, USN » STANLEY W. MC EOWEN, Sea. 1c, USN » JAMES H. PECK, QM 2c, USN » REGINALD P. PETERSON, RM 2c, USN » VERNON F. PUCKETT, CMM, USN » KING F. SUNG, MAtt. 2c, USN » HARRY B. TUCK, S. 1c, USN » CLEO E. WAXLER, BM 2c, USN » JOHN T. WEBER, Yeo. 1c, USN » ROBERT R. HEBARD, F. 1c, USN » FAR Z. WONG, MAtt. 1c, USN » CLARK G. GRAZIER, Lieut. (MC), USN » DENNIS H. BIWERSE, Ensign, USN. SERIOUSLY INJURED CIVILIAN PASSENGERS: » EMILE GASSIE, EMBASSY CLERK » JAMES MARSHALL, COLLIERS CORRESPONDENT MINOR INJURIES TO CIVILIAN PASSENGERS: » J. PAXTON HALL, SECOND SECRETARY » ROY SQUIRES, CHINA IMPORTING AND EXPORTING. FOLLOWING CIVILIAN ON BOARD MEIPING MINOR INJURIES: » F.H. VINES, BRITISH AMERICAN TOBACCO. FOLLOWING CIVILIAN ON BOARD MEIAN KILLED: » C.H. CARLSON, MASTER.
THE DECORATED
List of Awards Presented to Survivors and the Dead:
THE DISTINGUISHED SERVICE MEDAL
NOTE: In 1937, the Navy ranked the Medal of Honor as its highest award, followed by the Distinguished Service Cross and the Navy Cross. In 1939 the Navy withdrew the Navy Cross it had awarded Arthur Anders and granted him the Distinguished Service Medal. The precedence of these two decorations was reversed in 1942, and Commander Anders was awarded the Navy Cross in 1969.
ANDERS, ARTHUR F. Lieutenant, U.S. Navy U.S.S. Panay Date of Action: December 12, 1937
Citation: NOTE: For his heroism and leadership, Arthur 'Tex' Anders was initially awarded the Navy Cross, the second-highest combat award given in the 1930s (one step below the Medal of Honor). However, the U.S. was technically not at war with Japan at the time of the incident, a fact a neutrality-minded Congress and Roosevelt Administration must have noted. Therefore the Navy Crosses awarded as a result of the Panay incident were withdrawn. In its place was substituted the Navy's second-highest non-combat award, the Distinguished Service Medal. Despite the fact that WWII brought the U.S. and Japan into open conflict, the DSM awards remained in place. The 1968 USS Pueblo Incident ? in which a U.S. Navy vessel was attacked and seized by North Korea in international waters ? brought back memories of the Panay. Shortly thereafter, the Navy Cross was re-issued to Arthur Anders in a ceremony at the U.S. Naval Academy. ROBERTS, FRANK N. Captain, U.S. Army Date of Action: December 12, 1937 Citation: THE NAVY CROSS(with citations when known): ADAMS, CHARLES S. Radioman Second Class, U.S. Navy U.S.S. Panay Date of Action: December 12, 1937
Synopsis: The Navy Cross is presented to Charles S. Adams, Radioman Second Class, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession on December 12, 1937, while serving aboard the Panay when it was attacked by the Japanese.
BARLOW, HARRY DOUGLAS Lieutenant Commander, British Royal Navy Date of Action: December 12, 1937
Synopsis: The Navy Cross is presented to Harry Douglas Barlow, Lieutenant Commander, British Royal Navy, for his voluntary and unstinted cooperation in assisting with the recovery of the survivors of the Panay after it was attacked by the Japanese. BONKOSKI, JOHN ANTHONY Gunner's Mate Third Class, U.S. Navy CHEATHAM, WALTER Coxswain, U.S. Navy CRABBE, LEWIS GONNE EYRE Vice Admiral, British Royal Navy Date of Action: December 12, 1937
Synopsis: The Navy Cross is presented to Lewis Gonne Eyre Crabbe, Vice Admiral, British Royal Navy, for distinguished service in the line of his profession through his voluntary and unstinted cooperation in assisting with the recovery of the survivors of the U.S.S. Panay. COWDEN, EDWARD E. Coxswain, U.S. Navy DIRNHOFFER, JOHN A. Seaman First Class, U.S. Navy GRAZIER, CLARK G. Lieutenant (MC), U.S. Navy HEBARD, ROBERT RAYMOND Fireman First Class, U.S. Navy HENNESSY, JOHN N. Gunner's Mate Second Class, U.S. Navy U.S.S. Panay Date of Action: December 12, 1937
Citation: The Navy Cross is presented to John N. Hennessy, Gunner's Mate Second Class, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism on the occasion of the bombing and loss of the U.S.S. Panay on 12 December 1937. Gunner's Mate Second Class Hennessy was a member of the crew, which courageously operated the machine gun battery against the attacking planes even though these guns could not bear forward from which direction most of the attacks were made. He remained at his post of duty until the ammunition was expended and he was ordered to abandon ship. His performance of duty on this occasion was in keeping with the highest traditions of the Naval Service.
HODGE, JOHN J. Fireman First Class, U.S. Navy HULSEBUS, EDGAR W. G. (Posthumous) Coxswain, U.S. Navy Citation: For having distinguished himself by display of heroism on the occasion of the bombing and loss of the USS Panay on 12 December 1937. Hulsebus was a member of the crew, which courageously operated the machine gun battery against the attacking planes, even though these guns could not bear forward from which direction most of the attacks were made. He remained at his post of duty until he was fatally wounded and carried from the ship. His performance of duty on this occasion was in keeping with the highest traditions of the Naval Service.
KERSKE, CARL H. Coxswain, U.S. Navy KOZAK, ALEXANDER Motor Machinist Second Class, U.S. Navy LANG, JOHN HENRY Chief Quartermaster, U.S. Navy MAHLMANN, ERNEST R. Chief Boatswain's Mate, U.S. Navy
For distinguishing himself by his display of heroism on the occasion of the bombing and loss of the USS Panay on December 12, 1937, Mahlmann manned three machine guns at different times. It was due to his efforts that the boats were successfully lowered and manned during the abandon ship operations; he was continuously exposed to heavy bombing and machine gun fire from attacking planes. He made all of the trips in the sampan and voluntarily returned to the sinking Panay for supplies after she had been abandoned.
MCEOWEN, STANLEY W. Seaman First Class, U.S. Navy MURPHY, JAMES T. Radioman Third Class, U.S. Navy U.S.S. Panay Date of Action: December 12, 1937 Citation: The Navy Cross is presented to James T. Murphy, Radioman Third Class, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism on the occasion of the bombing and loss of the U.S.S. Panay. Radioman Third Class Murphy was a member of the crew, which courageously operated the machine gun battery against the attacking planes, even though these guns could not bear forward from which direction most of the attacks were made. He remained at his post of duty until the ammunition was expended and he was ordered to abandon ship. His performance of duty on this occasion was in keeping with the highest traditions of the Naval Service.
PETERSON, REGINALD Radioman Second Class, U.S. Navy RIDER, MORRIS Coxswain, U.S. Navy TRUAX, HOMER W. Boatswain's Mate First Class, U.S. Navy WEIMERS, GERALD L. Machinist's Mate First Class, U.S. Navy WILLIAMSON, MARCUS V. Fireman First Class, U.S. Navy
WISLER, ANDY R. Radioman First Class, U.S. Navy
THE BRONZE STAR
FONG SUNG, KING Messman
LETTER OF COMMENDATION ERH, YUAN TE Messman HUGHES, JAMES J. Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy
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